MinuteEarth

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Today I Found Out, Maarten Bremer, Mark Roth, Jeff Straathof, Tony Fadell, Ahmed, Muhammad Shifaz, Vidhya Krishnaraj, Luka Leskovsek, Duhilio Patino, Alberto Bortoni, Valentin, Nicholas Buckendorf, and Antoine Coeur
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Want to learn more about the topic in this week’s video? Here are some keywords/phrases to get your googling started:
– Mass Extinction Event: a significant, global decrease in the diversity of life
– "Big 5": The five biggest mass extinction events since the Cambrian explosion of Life 550 million years ago
– Biodiversity Crisis: Like a mass extinction, a biodiversity crisis is a marked depletion in diversity in the fossil record. Some scientists prefer to call the late-Devonian extinction a "biodiversity crisis" because a lack of speciation contributed to the loss in diversity just as much as extinction did.
– Diversity curve: A line chart that shows the diversity of life (usually by genera, but sometimes by species or family) over time
– Lagerstatte: a deposit of sedimentary rock that contains a profound number of fossils, often with excellent preservation
– Shareholder Quorum Subsampling: A statistical method that corrects for some of the biases in the fossil record, allowing scientists to generate more accurate diversity curves
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Credits:
Script Writer: Emily Elert (twitter:@eelert)
Script Editor: Kate Yoshida (twitter:@KateYoshida)
Video Illustrator: Ever Salazar (twitter:@eversalazar)
Video Director: Emily Elert (twitter:@eelert)
With Contributions From: Henry Reich (twitter:@minutephysics), Alex Reich (twitter:@alexhreich), Peter Reich
Music by: Nathaniel Schroeder: http://www.soundcloud.com/drschroeder
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And find us on itunes: https://goo.gl/sfwS6n
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References:

Alroy, J. (2015). Personal Communication.

Alroy, J. (2008). Dynamics of origination and extinction in the marine fossil record. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 11536-11542. Retrieved April 8, 2015, from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/artic...

Alroy, J. (n.d.). Accurate and precise estimates of origination and extinction rates. Paleobiology, 40(3), 374-397. Retrieved September 20, 2015, from https://www.nceas.ucsb.edu/~alroy/pdf...

Benton, M. (2003). When life nearly died: The greatest mass extinction of all time. New York: Thames & Hudson.

Barrett, Paul M. (2015). Personal Communication.

Fossilworks: Gateway to the Paleobiology Database.
http://fossilworks.org/?page=paleodb

Lloyd, GT, Smith, AB and Young, JR, (2011). Quantifying the deep-sea rock and fossil record bias using coccolithophores. Geological Society Special Publication, 358 (1), 167-177.

Mcghee, G., Clapham, M., Sheehan, P., Bottjer, D., & Droser, M. (2013). A new ecological-severity ranking of major Phanerozoic biodiversity crises. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 370, 260-270.

Raup, D. (1979). Biases in the fossil record of species and genera. Bulletin of the Carnegie Museum of Natural History 13: 85–91.

Raup, D., & Sepkoski, J. (1982). Mass Extinctions in the Marine Fossil Record. Science, 215(4539), 1501-1503.

Vermeij, GJ. (2015). Personal Communication.

Direct download: ME_62_-_How_Many_Mass_Extinctions_Have_There_Been.mp4
Category:general -- posted at: 12:00pm EDT

NBC & YouTube actually asked us to make TWO videos for the Democratic Presidential Debate on January 17th, 2016. Here’s the video that DIDN’T get shown at the debate.

Our video that was shown: https://youtu.be/vbE5PSu-p0s
Watch the whole debate: https://www.youtube.com/user/NBCNews

Like our videos? Subscribe to MinuteEarth on YouTube: http://goo.gl/EpIDGd

Thanks to our amazing Patreon patrons for making this kind of special video possible!
- Luka Leskovsek
- Duhilio Patino
- Alberto Bortoni
- Valentin
- Nicholas Buckendorf
- Antoine Coeur
- Ahmed
- Muhammad Shifaz
- Tony Fadell
- Jeff Straathof
- Mark Roth
- Maarten Bremer
- Today I Found Out
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Want to learn more about the topic in this week’s video? Here are some keywords to get your googling started:
COP21: The climate conference held in Paris in December 2015, at which the Paris Agreement was signed. It’s called COP21 because it was the 21st annual meeting of the Conference of the Parties (COP) to the 1992 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC).
Paris Agreement: The voluntary agreement signed at COP21 between 196 world governments that sets the world on a path toward limiting human-caused climate change to well below 2°C.
INDC: As part of the Paris Agreement, governments filed an INDC, or Intended Nationally Determined Contributions, leading up to COP21. Most countries made a commitment to reduce their net greenhouse gas emissions by a set amount over the next decade.
Clean Power Plan: The biggest contribution to U.S. emissions reductions over the next decade will come from the Clean Power Plan – a rule set out by President Obama in August 2015 that mandates emissions cuts for 48 U.S. states.
Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE): The CAFE program sets standards for the fuel efficiency of cars and light trucks. President Obama set out new rules in 2015 that require cars to reach a fuel economy of 54.5 miles per gallon by 2025.

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Credits:
Script Writer: Emily Elert (twitter:@eelert)
Script Editor: Kate Yoshida (twitter:@KateYoshida)
Video Illustrator: Ever Salazar (twitter:@eversalazar)
Video Director: Emily Elert (twitter:@eelert)
With Contributions From: Henry Reich (twitter:@minutephysics), Alex Reich (twitter:@alexhreich), Peter Reich, and Omkar Bhagat: (twitter:@TheCuriousEnggr)
Music by: Nathaniel Schroeder: http://www.soundcloud.com/drschroeder
_________________________________________

For exclusive early access to all our videos, sign up with Vessel: https://goo.gl/hgD1iJ

Already subscribed?
Help us keep making MinuteEarth by supporting us on Patreon: https://goo.gl/ZVgLQZ

Also, say hello on:
Facebook: http://goo.gl/FpAvo6
Twitter: http://goo.gl/Y1aWVC

And find us on itunes: https://goo.gl/sfwS6n
________________________

References:

IPCC First Assessment Report. http://www.ipcc.ch/ipccreports/1992%2...

GD Banks. SUCCESS OF U.S. CLIMATE PLEDGE DEPENDS ON FUTURE GHG REGULATION OF U.S. INDUSTRY, OTHER SECTORS. ACCF CENTER FOR POLICY RESEARCH SPECIAL REPORT, NOVEMBER 2015
http://www.eenews.net/assets/2015/12/...

U.S. INDC (Voluntary Commitment for Paris Agreement)
http://www4.unfccc.int/submissions/IN...

Paris Agreement
http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2015/...

U.S. Greenhouse Gas Inventory Report: 1990-2013. EPA.
http://www3.epa.gov/climatechange/ghg...

Direct download: ME_77_-_DemDebate_Secret_Video-_What_The_U.S._Promised_In_Paris.mp4
Category:general -- posted at: 12:00pm EDT

YouTube and NBC invited us to make a video for the final Democratic Candidate’s Debate before the US Presidential primaries. Here’s our video (about climate change & energy), Lester Holt’s question, & the candidates’ responses.

Like our video? Subscribe to MinuteEarth on YouTube: http://goo.gl/EpIDGd
Watch the whole debate: https://www.youtube.com/user/NBCNews

Thanks to our Patreon patrons for making this kind of video possible!

- Vidhya Krishnaraj
- Luka Leskovsek
- Duhilio Patino
- Alberto Bortoni
- Valentin
- Nicholas Buckendorf
- Antoine Coeur
- Ahmed
- Muhammad Shifaz
- Tony Fadell
- Jeff Straathof
- Mark Roth
- Maarten Bremer
- Today I Found Out

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Want to learn more about this video’s topic? Here are some keywords to get your googling started:

climate change, global warming, alternative energy, renewable energy, fossil fuels

___________________________________________

Credits:
Script Writer: Kate Yoshida (twitter:@KateYoshida)
Script Editor: Emily Elert (twitter:@eelert)
Video Illustrator: Ever Salazar (twitter:@eversalazar)
Video Director: Emily Elert (twitter:@eelert)
With Contributions From: Henry Reich (twitter:@minutephysics), Alex Reich (twitter:@alexhreich), Peter Reich, and Omkar Bhagat: (twitter:@TheCuriousEnggr)
Music by: Nathaniel Schroeder: http://www.soundcloud.com/drschroeder
_________________________________________

For exclusive early access to all our videos, sign up with Vessel: https://goo.gl/hgD1iJ

Already subscribed?
Help us keep making MinuteEarth by supporting us on Patreon: https://goo.gl/ZVgLQZ

Also, say hello on:
Facebook: http://goo.gl/FpAvo6
Twitter: http://goo.gl/Y1aWVC
And find us on itunes: https://goo.gl/sfwS6n

_________________________________________

References:
Total US energy consumption by source in 2014
82% fossil fuels (petroleum 35%, coal 18%, natural gas 28%)
10% renewables (solar 0.4%, geothermal 0.2%, wind 1.8%, biofuels 5%, hydro 2.6%)
8% nuclear

http://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/in...

http://www.eia.gov/tools/faqs/faq.cfm...

Direct download: ME_76_-_Americas_Energy_Future-_MinuteEarth_At_The_DemDebate.mp4
Category:general -- posted at: 12:00pm EDT

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