MinuteEarth

Sometimes, it makes sense for critters across the animal kingdom to chow down on their own young.

Thanks to http://www.audible.com/minuteearth for sponsoring this video.

Thanks also to our supporters on https://www.patreon.com/MinuteEarth :
- Maarten Bremer
- Jeff Straathof
- Tony Fadell
- Muhammad Shifaz
- Mark Roth
- Melissa Vigil
- Valentin
- Alberto Bortoni
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Credits (and Twitter handles):
Script Writer: Rachel (@RA_Becks)
Script Editor: Alex Reich (@alexhreich)
Video Illustrator: Ever Salazar (@eversalazar)
Video Director: Emily Elert (@eelert)
Video Narrator: Emily Elert (@eelert)
With Contributions From: Henry Reich, Kate Yoshida, Peter Reich, David Goldenberg
Music by: Nathaniel Schroeder: http://www.soundcloud.com/drschroeder

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FYI: We try to leave jargon out of our videos, but if you want to learn more about this topic, here are some handy keywords to get your googling started:
- Filial cannibalism: is a form of infanticide that occurs when an adult individual of a species consumes all or part of the young of its own species or immediate offspring.

Species featured in this video:
- Hamsters (Cricetinae family)
- Assassin bug (Rhinocoris tristis)
- Red Tailed Monkeys (Cercopithecus ascanius)
- Long Tailed Skink (Eutropis longicaudata)
- Egg-eating snake (Oligodon formosanus)
- Sand goby (Pomatoschistus minutus)
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References:

Special thanks to Professor Hope Klug, from the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, for help with research on this video!

Day, C. S., & Galef, B. G. (1977). Pup cannibalism: One aspect of maternal behavior in golden hamsters. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 91(5), 1179-1189. doi:10.1037/h0077386

Gilbert, W. M., Nolan, P. M., Stoehr, A. M., & Hill, G. E. (2005). Filial Cannibalism at a House Finch Nest. The Wilson Bulletin, 117(4), 413-415. doi:10.1676/04-003.1
Full text: http://www.jstor.org/stable/20060130?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents

Huang, W. (2008). Predation risk of whole-clutch filial cannibalism in a tropical skink with maternal care. Behavioral Ecology, 19(6), 1069-1074.
Full text: http://beheco.oxfordjournals.org/content/19/6/1069.full#ref-1

Klug, H., & Bonsall, M. (2007). When to Care for, Abandon, or Eat Your Offspring: The Evolution of Parental Care and Filial Cannibalism. The American Naturalist, 170(6), 886-901. doi:10.1086/522936
Abstract: http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/522936#rf13

Klug, H., & Lindstrom, K. (2008). Hurry-up and hatch: Selective filial cannibalism of slower developing eggs. Biology Letters, 4(2), 160-162. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2007.0589
Abstract: http://rsbl.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/4/2/160

Why do some fish eat their own eggs? - Phys.org. (n.d.). Retrieved October 19, 2016, from http://phys.org/news/2016-02-fish-eggs.html

Direct download: ME_96_-_Why_Do_Animals_Eat_Their_Babies.mp4
Category:general -- posted at: 11:06am EDT

Research suggests that more diverse ecosystems are better for the bottom line.

Thanks to the University of Minnesota for sponsoring this video! http://twin-cities.umn.edu/


Credits (and Twitter handles):
Script Writer: Peter Reich
Script Editor: Kate Yoshida (@KateYoshida)
Video Illustrator: Ever Salazar (@eversalazar)
Video Director: Emily Elert (@eelert)
Video Narrator: Emily Elert (@eelert)
With Contributions From: Henry Reich, Alex Reich, David Goldenberg
Music by: Nathaniel Schroeder: http://www.soundcloud.com/drschroeder

Peter's Science paper: http://science.sciencemag.org/content/354/6309/aaf8957

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A big thank-you to our supporters on https://www.patreon.com/MinuteEarth :
- Maarten Bremer
- Jeff Straathof
- Tony Fadell
- Muhammad Shifaz
- Mark Roth
- Melissa Vigil
- Valentin
- Alberto Bortoni
_________________________________________

Like our videos?
Subscribe to MinuteEarth on YouTube: http://goo.gl/EpIDGd
Support us on Patreon: https://goo.gl/ZVgLQZ

Also, say hello on:
Facebook: http://goo.gl/FpAvo6
Twitter: http://goo.gl/Y1aWVC

And find us on itunes: https://goo.gl/sfwS6n
___________________________________________

We try to leave jargon out of our videos, but if you want to learn more about this topic, here are some handy keywords to get your googling started:

Biodiversity - the variety of genes, species, and ecosystems
Conservation - ethical use and protection of valuable natural resources (e.g. trees, minerals, wildlife, water)
Ecosystem - a biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment
Ecosystem services - benefits people obtain from ecosystems (four categories: supporting, provisioning, regulating, and cultural)
Richness - the number of species in an ecological community, landscape, or region
Pollinators - animals that help plants reproduce by moving pollen from male flowers to female flowers
Pollution - the introduction of contaminants into the natural environment (e.g. chemicals, particles, noise, heat, light)

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References:

Bartomeus, I., Park, M.G., Gibbs, J., Danforth, B.N., Lakso, A.N. and Winfree, R., 2013. Biodiversity ensures plant–pollinator phenological synchrony against climate change. Ecology Letters, 16(11), pp.1331-1338.

Dee LE, Miller SJ, Peavey LE, Bradley D, Gentry RR, Startz R, Gaines SD, Lester SE. 2016 Functional diversity of catch mitigates negative effects of temperature variability on fisheries yields. Proc. R. Soc. B 83: 20161435. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2016.143

Delgado-Baquerizo, M., L. Giaramida, P. B. Reich, A. N. Khachane, K. Hamonts, C. Edwards, L. Lawton, B. K. Singh. 2016. Lack of functional redundancy in the relationship between microbial diversity and ecosystem functioning. Journal of Ecology doi: 10.1111/1365-2745.12585

"FAO, “Global Forest Resources Assessment 2015 - How are the world’s forests changing? ” (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy, 2015)

FAO, “Contribution of the forestry sector to national economies, 1990-2011” (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Rome, 2014)

Garibaldi, Lucas A., et al. ""Mutually beneficial pollinator diversity and crop yield outcomes in small and large farms."" Science 351.6271 (2016): 388-391.

Isbell, Forest, et al. ""Biodiversity increases the resistance of ecosystem productivity to climate extremes."" Nature 526.7574 (2015): 574-577."

Isbell, F., Tilman, D., Polasky, S., & Loreau, M. (2015). The biodiversity‐dependent ecosystem service debt. Ecology letters, 18(2), 119-134.

Liang J, T Crowther, GFBI, and PB Reich. 2016. Positive biodiversity–productivity relationship predominant in global forests. Science 14 Oct 2016: Vol. 354, Issue 6309, DOI: 10.1126/science.aaf8957. http://science.sciencemag.org/content/354/6309/aaf8957

Liang, J, M Zhou, PC Tobin, AD McGuire, PB Reich. 2015. Biodiversity influences plant productivity through niche–efficiency. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112:5738–5743.

McCarthy, Donal P., et al. "Financial costs of meeting global biodiversity conservation targets: current spending and unmet needs." Science 338.6109 (2012): 946-949.

Reich PB, D Tilman, F Isbell, K Mueller, S Hobbie, D Flynn, N Eisenhauer. 2012. Impacts of biodiversity loss escalate as redundancy fades. Science 336:589-592.

Tilman, D, PB Reich, J Knops, D Wedin, T Mielke, C Lehman. 2001. Diversity and productivity in a long-term grassland experiment. Science 294: 843-845.

Direct download: ME_97_-_Why_Biodiversity_Is_Good_For_The_Economy.mp4
Category:general -- posted at: 2:58pm EDT

A big thank-you to our supporters on https://www.patreon.com/MinuteEarth :
- Maarten Bremer

- Jeff Straathof

- Today I Found Out

- Tony Fadell

- Muhammad Shifaz

- Mark Roth

- Melissa Vigil

- Valentin

- Alberto Bortoni
___________________________________________

Credits (and Twitter handles):
Script Writer: David Goldenberg (@dgoldenberg)
Script Editor: Alex Reich
Video Illustrator: Qingyang Chen
Video Director: Kate Yoshida (@KateYoshida)
Video Narrator: Kate Yoshida (@KateYoshida)
With Contributions From: Henry Reich, Ever Salazar, Emily Elert, Peter Reich
Music by: Nathaniel Schroeder: http://www.soundcloud.com/drschroeder

_________________________________________

Like our videos?
Subscribe to MinuteEarth on YouTube: http://goo.gl/EpIDGd
Support us on Patreon: https://goo.gl/ZVgLQZ

Also, say hello on:
Facebook: http://goo.gl/FpAvo6
Twitter: http://goo.gl/Y1aWVC

And find us on itunes: https://goo.gl/sfwS6n
___________________________________________

If you liked this week’s video, we think you might also like these things:
Some thoroughly unscientific ways to test your dog’s intelligence: http://www.wikihow.com/Test-a-Dog's-Intelligence

FYI: We try to leave jargon out of our videos, but if you want to learn more about this topic, here are some handy keywords to get your googling started:
Breed group: A grouping of dog breeds based on their historical jobs.
Dog personality traits: Levels of playfulness, curiosity, sociability, and aggressiveness that dogs exhibit based on testing.
Animal Cognition: The study of the mental capacities of animals.
Confirmation bias: The tendency to interpret evidence in favor of one’s existing beliefs.
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References:

Svartberg, K. (2006). Breed-typical behaviour in dogs—Historical remnants or recent constructs? Applied Animal Behaviour Science 96 (293-313). Retrieved from http://www.appliedanimalbehaviour.com/article/S0168-1591(05)00160-7/abstract

Svartberg, K. (2016). Personal Communication.

Hare, B. & Woods, V. (2013) The Genius of Dogs: How Dogs Are Smarter Than You Think. Retrieved from https://www.amazon.com/Genius-Dogs-Smarter-Than-Think/dp/0142180467/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1475530594&sr=1-1

Helton, W. (2010). Does perceived trainability of dog (Canis lupus familiaris) breeds reflect differences in learning or differences in physical ability? Behavioural Processes 83 (315-323). Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20117185

Pongracz, P., Miklosi, A., Vida, V., Csanyi, V. (2005) The pet dogs ability for learning from a human demonstrator in a detour task is independent from the breed and age. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 90 (309-323). Retrieved from http://www.appliedanimalbehaviour.com/article/S0168-1591(04)00177-7/abstract

Direct download: ME_95_-_How_Different_Are_Different_Types_of_Dogs.mp4
Category:general -- posted at: 11:45am EDT

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