MinuteEarth

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Due to a revolution in our understanding of the tree of life, birds are dinosaurs, while dimetrodons are not.

Thanks also to our supporters on https://www.patreon.com/MinuteEarth
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FYI: We try to leave jargon out of our videos, but if you want to learn more about this topic, here are some keywords to get your googling started:

Systema Naturae: A 1735 book by Carl Linnaeus that outlined his hierarchical classification of animals.
Plagiuri: an early,now disused, biological subclassification of fish used by Linnaeus that also included dolphins and whales.
Anthropomorpha: a defunct taxon established by Linnaeus for genera Homo (humans), Simia (monkeys and apes in general) and Bradypus (sloths).
Cladogram: A branching diagram showing the evolutionary relationship between species.
Dimetrodon: An extinct carnivorous synapsid related to early mammals.
Plesiosaur: An extinct marine reptile with a long neck related to modern snakes.

Species featured in this video:
Brown-throated sloth (Bradypus variegatus)
Sperm Whale (Physeter macrocephalus)
Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)
Flathead Grey Mullet (Mugil cephalus)
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Credits (and Twitter handles):
Script Writer: David Goldenberg (@dgoldenberg)
Script Editor: Emily Elert (@eelert)
Video Illustrator: Ever Salazar (@eversalazar)
Video Director: Kate Yoshida (@KateYoshida)
Video Narrator: Kate Yoshida (@KateYoshida)
With Contributions From: Henry Reich, Alex Reich, Peter Reich
Music by: Nathaniel Schroeder: http://www.soundcloud.com/drschroeder

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Like our videos?
Subscribe to MinuteEarth on YouTube: http://goo.gl/EpIDGd
Support us on Patreon: https://goo.gl/ZVgLQZ

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Facebook: http://goo.gl/FpAvo6
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And find us on itunes: https://goo.gl/sfwS6n
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If you liked this week’s video, we think you might also like:
After her great video on Dimetrodon https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-tdVPiyVDsQ, The Brain Scoop’s Emily Graslie started a blog devoted to the dinosaur confusion in modern toys: http://isnotadinosaur.tumblr.com/.

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References:

Angielczyk, K. (2009). Dimetrodon is not a Dinosaur: Using Tree Thinking to Understand the Ancient Relatives of Mammals and their Evolution. Evolution: Education and Outreach 2:257–271. Retrieved from: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12052-009-0117-4

Romero, A. (2012). When Whales Became Mammals: The Scientific Journey of Cetaceans From Fish to Mammals in the History of Science. New Approaches to the Study of Marine Mammals. Chapter 1. Retrieved from: http://www.intechopen.com/books/new-approaches-to-the-study-of-marine-mammals

Switek, B. (2010). Why a Pterosaur is Not a Dinosaur. Smithsonian. Retrieved from: http://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/why-a-pterosaur-is-not-a-dinosaur-87082921/

Direct download: What_Makes_A_Dinosaur-.mp4
Category:general -- posted at: 12:01pm EDT

Collective nouns are a great way to have fun with language and nature.
PLEASE SUPPORT US ON PATREON: https://www.patreon.com/MinuteEarth

Thank you!
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Collective Noun: A noun that denotes a group of individuals.
Terms of Venery: Collective nouns specific to certain groups of animals.
Clowder: A term for a group of cats that means roughly, huddle, and comes from the same root as clot.
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Credits (and Twitter handles):
Script Writer: David Goldenberg (@dgoldenberg)
Script Editor: Alex Reich (@alexhreich)
Video Illustrator: Qingyang Chen (@QCvisual)
Video Director: Henry Reich (@MinutePhysics)
Video Narrator: Kate Yoshida (@KateYoshida)
With Contributions From: Ever Salazar, Emily Elert, Peter Reich
Music by: Nathaniel Schroeder: http://www.soundcloud.com/drschroeder

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Like our videos?
Subscribe to MinuteEarth on YouTube: http://goo.gl/EpIDGd
Support us on Patreon: https://goo.gl/ZVgLQZ

Also, say hello on:
Facebook: http://goo.gl/FpAvo6
Twitter: http://goo.gl/Y1aWVC

And find us on itunes: https://goo.gl/sfwS6n
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If you liked this week’s video, we think you might also like:
Mental Floss’s collection of collective nouns: http://mentalfloss.com/article/33580/50-collective-nouns-bolster-your-vocabulary

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References:

Berners, D. J. (1494). The Boke of Saint Albans. Retrieved from: https://books.google.com/books?id=-awLAAAAIAAJ

Lipton, J. (1993). An Exaltation of Larks. Retrieved from: https://www.amazon.com/Exaltation-Larks-Ultimate-James-Lipton/dp/0140170960

Lund, N. (2015). No, It’s Not Actually a Murder of Crows. Audubon (December). Retrieved from:
http://www.audubon.org/news/no-its-not-actually-murder-crows

Direct download: Why_Is_A_Group_Of_Crows_Called_A_Murder-.mp4
Category:general -- posted at: 11:10am EDT

Please support us on https://www.patreon.com/MinuteEarth
THANK YOU for helping us stick around!
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Credits (and Twitter handles):
Script Writer: Alex Reich (@alexhreich)
Script Editor: Kate Yoshida (@KateYoshida)
Video Illustrator: Ever Salazar (@eversalazar)
Video Director: Kate Yoshida (@KateYoshida)
Video Narrator: Kate Yoshida (@KateYoshida)
With Contributions From: Henry Reich, Emily Elert, Peter Reich, David Goldenberg
Music by: Nathaniel Schroeder: http://www.soundcloud.com/drschroeder

Direct download: MinuteEarth_Needs_Your_Support.mp4
Category:general -- posted at: 12:00pm EDT

Thanks to Crunchyroll for sponsoring this video: http://www.crunchyroll.com/minuteearth

 

Thanks also to our supporters on https://www.patreon.com/MinuteEarth

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FYI: We try to leave jargon out of our videos, but if you want to learn more about this topic, here are some keywords to get your googling started:

 

Cephalopod: An active predatory mollusk like an octopus or a squid.

Cetacean: A marine mammal like a porpoise, dolphin or whale.

Colon: The part of the large intestine that goes from the cecum to the rectum.

Rectum: The last part of the intestine that ends in the anus.

Eau de toilette: A dilute form of perfume



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Credits (and Twitter handles):

Script Writer: David Goldenberg (@dgoldenberg)

Script Editor: Alex Reich

Video Illustrator: Ever Salazar (@eversalazar)

Video Director: Emily Elert (@eelert)

Video Narrator: Emily Elert (@eelert)

With Contributions From: Henry Reich, Kate Yoshida, Peter Reich

Music by: Nathaniel Schroeder: http://www.soundcloud.com/drschroeder

 

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Like our videos?

Subscribe to MinuteEarth on YouTube: http://goo.gl/EpIDGd

Support us on Patreon: https://goo.gl/ZVgLQZ

 

Also, say hello on:

Facebook: http://goo.gl/FpAvo6

Twitter: http://goo.gl/Y1aWVC

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If you liked this week’s video, we think you might also like:

When a whale falls, it's story has just begun: https://vimeo.com/29987934

 

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References:


Clarke, R. (2006). The Origin of Ambergris. Latin American Journal of Aquatic Mammals 5:1  (7-21). Retrieved from: http://dx.doi.org/10.5597/lajam00087

Dannenfeldt, K. (1982). Ambergris: The Search for Its Origin. Isis 73:3 (382-397). Retrieved from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/231442

Kemp, K. (2016). Personal communication based on his book, “Floating Gold: A Natural (and Unnatural) History of Ambergris.” Link: https://www.amazon.com/Floating-Gold-Natural-Unnatural-Ambergris/dp/0226430367

Direct download: Why_Perfume_Makers_Love_Constipated_Whales.mp4
Category:general -- posted at: 10:45am EDT

Snakes occupy a special place in the human brain because they’re so weird.

 

Thanks to 23andMe for sponsoring this video! http://www.23andme.com/minuteearth

 

Thanks also to our supporters on https://www.patreon.com/MinuteEarth

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FYI: We try to leave jargon out of our videos, but if you want to learn more about this topic, here are some keywords to get your googling started:

Ophidiophobia: The abnormal fear of snakes

Lateral Undulation: Waves of lateral bending through the body that propel the snake forward.

Trichromatic Vision: Three color receptors in the eye that allow the animal to see a wider spectrum of colors.

Electroencephalogram: A non-invasive method of measuring electrical activity in the brain.

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Credits (and Twitter handles):

Script Writer: David Goldenberg (@dgoldenberg)

Script Editor: Kate Yoshida (@KateYoshida)

Video Illustrator: Qingyang Chen

Video Director: Kate Yoshida (@KateYoshida)

Video Narrator: Kate Yoshida (@KateYoshida)

With Contributions From: Emily Elert, Henry Reich, Alex Reich, Ever Salazar, Peter Reich

Music by: Nathaniel Schroeder: http://www.soundcloud.com/drschroeder

 

_________________________________________

 

Like our videos?

Subscribe to MinuteEarth on YouTube: http://goo.gl/EpIDGd

Support us on Patreon: https://goo.gl/ZVgLQZ

 

Also, say hello on:

Facebook: http://goo.gl/FpAvo6

Twitter: http://goo.gl/Y1aWVC

 

And find us on itunes:  https://goo.gl/sfwS6n

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If you liked this week’s video, we think you might also like:

Vsauce2 on Dragons and Snakes and Humans: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6grLJyqIM8E

 

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References:


Isbell, L. (2004). Snakes as agents of evolutionary change in primate brains. Journal of Human Evolution 51 (1-35). Retrieved from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16545427

LoBue, V., and DeLoache, J. (2008). Detecting the Snake in the Grass: Attention to Fear-Relevant Stimuli by Adults and Young Children. Psychological Science 19:3 (284-289). Retrieved from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18315802

Van Lea, W., Isbelle, L., Matsumotoa, J., Nguyen, J., Horia, E., Maiorc, R., Tomazc, R., Trana, A., Onoa, T., and Nishijoa, H. (2013) Pulvinar neurons reveal neurobiological evidence of past selection for rapid detection of snakes. PNAS 110:47 (19000-19005). Retrieved from: http://www.pnas.org/content/110/47/19000

Kawai, N., and He, H. (2016). Breaking Snake Camouflage: Humans Detect Snakes More Accurately than Other Animals under Less Discernible Visual Conditions. PLoS ONE 11:10. Retrieved from: http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0164342.

Direct download: Why_Are_Snakes_So_Creepy-.mp4
Category:general -- posted at: 12:20pm EDT

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