Mon, 19 December 2016
Thanks to http://www.audible.com/minuteearth for sponsoring this video! Reindeer meat could’ve entered North American cuisine and culture, but our turn of the century efforts to develop a reindeer industry were stymied by nature, the beef lobby, and the Great Depression.
Help translate this video: http://www.youtube.com/timedtext_video?v=owNMCTmbG9w&ref=share FYI: We try to leave jargon out of our videos, but if you want to learn more about this topic, here are some keywords to get your googling started: Reindeer - the smaller, (semi-)domesticated version/subspecies of reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) Credits (and Twitter handles): Image Credits: Rangifer tarandus - Alexandre Buisse Like our videos? Also, say hello on: And find us on itunes: https://goo.gl/sfwS6n If you liked this week’s video, we think you might also like: A virtual guide to reindeer and the people who herd them - http://reindeerherding.org/ The Great Canadian Reindeer Project - http://www.canadashistory.ca/Magazine/Online-Extension/Articles/The-Great-Canadian-Reindeer-Project How one storm killed 61,000 Russian reindeer in 2013: http://www.popsci.com/sea-ice-loss-is-imperiling-reindeer-herders-way-life ___________________________________________ References: Special thanks to Professor Greg Finstad of the University of Alaska Fairbanks for lending his advice, expertise, and patience to the making of this video! Christie, A., & Finstad, G. L. (2009). Reindeer in the “Great Land”: Alaska's Red Meat Industry. Journal of Agricultural & Food Information, 10(4), 354-373. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10496500903245651 Daniel, C. R., Cross, A. J., Koebnick, C., & Sinha, R. (2011). Trends in meat consumption in the USA. Public health nutrition, 14(04), 575-583. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3045642/pdf/nihms-253312.pdf Dubner, S. J. (2010, December 9). Beef or Chicken? A Look at U.S. Meat Trends in the Last Century [Blog post]. Retrieved December 1, 2016, from http://freakonomics.com/2010/12/09/beef-or-chicken-a-look-at-u-s-meat-trends-in-the-last-century/ Finstad, G. L. (2016). Personal Communication. Finstad, G. L., Bader, H. R., & Prichard, A. K. (2002). Conflicts between reindeer herding and an expanding caribou herd in Alaska. Rangifer, 22(4), 33-37. https://www.ub.uit.no/baser/septentrio/index.php/rangifer/article/viewFile/1668/1559 Finstad, G. L., Kielland, K. K., & Schneider, W. S. (2006). Reindeer herding in transition: historical and modern day challenges for Alaskan reindeer herders. Nomadic Peoples, 10(2), 31-49. http://reindeer.salrm.uaf.edu/resources/journal_articles/Nomadic_Peoples10(2)31-49.PDF Stern, R. O., Arobio, E. L., Naylor, L. L., & Thomas, W. C. (1980). Eskimos, reindeer, and land. https://scholarworks.alaska.edu/bitstream/handle/11122/1205/Bulletin59.pdf?sequence=1 Willis, R. (2006). A New Game in the North: Alaska Native Reindeer Herding, 1890–1940. Western Historical Quarterly, 37(3), 277-301. http://oit-fhs-pws1.oit.duke.edu/Fellowships/Willis.pdf |
Wed, 7 December 2016
Foraminifera – tiny, single-celled marine life forms – build gorgeous houses that record how much ice there is on the planet. This video was supported by the Heising-Simons Foundation. To learn more, visit https://www.heisingsimons.org/ Special thanks to Professor Lee Kump of Penn State University and Professor Howie Spero of UC-Davis for lending their advice, expertise, and patience to the making of this video! Thanks also to our supporters on https://www.patreon.com/MinuteEarth
___________________________________________ FYI: We try to leave jargon out of our videos, but if you want to learn more about this topic, here are some keywords to get your googling started: foraminifera: a class of single-celled marine organisms – protists, not animals – that live either near the surface ("planktonic foraminifera") or on the seafloor ("benthic foraminifera"). Called forams for short. climate proxy: something that tells us what the climate was like in the past, such as data from the thickness of tree rings, the composition of gases trapped in ancient ice, historical human records of annual bloom times (eg the long-recorded bloom dates of cherry trees in Kyoto, Japan), or the ratios of certain stable isotopes found in shells, corals, or other biogenic substances oxygen-18: a stable isotope of oxygen that contains 8 protons and 10 neutrons, rather than the 8 protons and 8 neutrons of "regular" oxygen (oxygen-16). The ratio of oxygen-18 to oxygen-16 in seawater (and sea shells) can be used as a proxy for the global average temperature ice sheet: a permanent layer of ice covering land, as found in polar regions (and as distinguished from sea ice, like the stuff that floats at the north pole in the Arctic ocean). Combined, the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets contain more than 99% of the total freshwater ice on Earth. ___________________________________________ If you liked this week’s video, we think you might also like: Orbulina feeding on Artemia Mysterious Web Masters ___________________________________________
Image credits: Cribrohantkenina inflata - Paul Pearson Elphidium macellum, Bulimina and Calcarina hispida by foraminifera.eu Globigerina - Hannes Grobe _________________________________________ Like our videos? Also, say hello on: And find us on itunes: https://goo.gl/sfwS6n REFERENCES Hays, J. D., Imbrie, J., & Shackleton, N. J. (1976). Variations in the Earth's Orbit: Pacemaker of the Ice Ages. Science, 194(4270), 1121-1132. Kendall, C., & McDonnell, J.J. (1998). Fundamentals of Isotope Geochemistry. In Isotope Tracers in Catchment Hydrology (pp. 51-86). Eds: Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam. Kucera, M. (2007). Planktonic Foraminifera as Tracers of Past Oceanic Environments. In Developments in Marine Geology, Volume 1, (pp. 213-262). NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, State of the Climate: Global Analysis for Annual 2015, published online January 2016, retrieved on November 28, 2016 from http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/sotc/global/201513. Sachs, J., & Steig, E. (2010) Lecture on Isotopes and Air Temperature. University of Washington, Seattle, Washington. Shanahan, T. (2010). Lecture on Oxygen Isotopes. University of Texas, Austin, Texas.
Direct download: ME_100_-_How_This_Sea_Shell_Knows_the_Weather_in_Greenland.mp4
Category:general -- posted at: 12:17pm EDT |
Tue, 29 November 2016
Thanks to http://www.givewell.org/ for sponsoring this video! To learn more about the Against Malaria Foundation, visit: http://www.givewell.org/AMF or https://www.againstmalaria.com. Thanks also to our supporters on https://www.patreon.com/MinuteEarth FYI: We try to leave jargon out of our videos, but if you want to learn more about this topic, here are some keywords to get your googling started: Malaria - a life-threatening disease caused by parasites that are transmitted to people through the bites of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes. Credits (and Twitter handles): _________________________________________ Like our videos?
Amazing animation of seasonal temperature suitability for malaria https://goo.gl/63pYGt ___________________________________________
Carter, R., & Mendis, K. N. (2002). Evolutionary and historical aspects of the burden of malaria. Clinical microbiology reviews, 15(4), 564-594. http://cmr.asm.org/content/15/4/564.full Gething, P. W., et al. (2011). A new world malaria map: Plasmodium falciparum endemicity in 2010. Malaria journal, 10(1), 1. http://malariajournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1475-2875-10-378 Gething, P. W., et al. (2011). Modelling the global constraints of temperature on transmission of Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax. Parasites & Vectors, 4(1), 1. http://parasitesandvectors.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1756-3305-4-92 Hay, S. I., et al. (2004). The global distribution and population at risk of malaria: past, present, and future. The Lancet infectious diseases, 4(6), 327-336. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3145123/ Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME). (2016). GBD Compare Data Visualization. Seattle, WA: IHME, University of Washington. Retrieved from http://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-compare. Liu, W., et al. (2010). Origin of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum in gorillas. Nature, 467(7314), 420-425. doi: 10.1038/nature09442 Malaria: Fact sheet (April 2016). Retrieved from http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs094/en/ Packard, R. M. (2007). The making of a tropical disease: a short history of malaria (pp. 1-66 ). Baltimore. Rich, S. M., et al. (2009). The origin of malignant malaria. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 106(35), 14902-14907. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0907740106 Shah, S. (2010). The Fever: how malaria has ruled humankind for 500,000 years (pp. 1-33). Macmillan. Sundararaman, S. A., et al. (2016). Genomes of cryptic chimpanzee Plasmodium species reveal key evolutionary events leading to human malaria. Nature communications, 7. DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11078 Webb, J. L. (2009). Humanity's burden: a global history of malaria (pp. 1-91). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. World Health Organization. (2015). World malaria report 2015. World Health Organization. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/malaria/publications/world-malaria-report-2015/report/en/
Direct download: ME_101_-_How_Humans_Made_Malaria_So_Deadly.mp4
Category:general -- posted at: 11:25am EDT |
Wed, 16 November 2016
Almost all mammals with prehensile tails live in the neotropics because the forest is different there. Thanks to http://www.audible.com/minuteearth for sponsoring this video.
Capuchin Monkey - Steve Jurvetson Guianan Saki - Wikimedia user Skyscraper Emperor Tamarin - TheBrockenInaGlory Aotus nigriceps - Wikimedia user Miguelrangeljr
Species featured in this video:
Organ, J. (2016). Personal Communication Emmons, L.H., Gentry, A.H. (1983). Tropical Forest Structure and the Distribution of Gliding and Prehensile-Tailed Vertebrates. The American Naturalist 121-4 (513-524). Retrieved from https://www.jstor.org/stable/2460978?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents Lambert, T., Halsey, M. (2015) Relationship Between Lianas and Arboreal Mammals: Examining the Emmons–Gentry Hypothesis. Ecology of Lianas (398-406).. Retrieved from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/9781118392409.ch26/summary Deane, A., Russo, G., Muchlinski, M., Organ, J. (2014). Caudal Vertebral Body Articular Surface Morphology Correlates With Functional Tail Use in Anthropoid Primates. Journal of Morphology 275 (1300-1311). Retrieved from http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jmor.20304/abstract
Direct download: ME_99_-_Why_Only_Some_Monkeys_Have_Awesome_Tails.mp4
Category:general -- posted at: 11:09am EDT |
Wed, 2 November 2016
Why there will likely soon be more tigers in backyards in Texas than in the wilds of Asia. Thanks to the University of Minnesota for sponsoring this video! http://twin-cities.umn.edu/
Del Bosque, M. (2008) A Tiger’s Tale. Texas Observer. Retrieved from: https://www.texasobserver.org/2835-a-tigers-tale-in-texas-where-you-can-own-a-pet-tiger-the-booming-exotic-animal-trade-has-grim-consequences/ Karanth, U. (2016). Personal Communication. Rudner, J. (2016) Tigers in Texas: We don't even know how many there are. Texas Tribune. Retrieved from: http://www.houstonchronicle.com/local/gray-matters/article/Tigers-and-Texas-We-don-t-even-know-how-many-7375558.php Joshi, A., Dinerstein, E., Wikramanayake, E., Anderson, M.L., Olson, D., Jones, B.S., Seidensticker, J., Lumpkin, S., Hansen, M.C., Sizer, N.C., Davis, C.L., Palminteri, S., Hahn, N.R. (2016). Tracking changes and preventing loss in critical tiger habitat. Science Advances 2-4 (e1501675). Retrieved from http://advances.sciencemag.org/content/2/4/e1501675.full Smith, J.L.D., McDougal, C., Gurung, B. Shrestha, N., Shrestha, M., Allendorf, T., Joshi, A., and Dhakal, N. (2010) Securing the Future for Nepal’s Tigers: Lessons from the Past and Present. Tigers of The World, Second Edition. Chapter 25 (331-343). Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/216561296_Securing_the_Future_for_Nepal's_Tigers_Lessons_from_the_Past_and_Present
Direct download: ME_98_-_Why_Are_There_So_Many_Tigers_In_Texas-.mp4
Category:general -- posted at: 10:08am EDT |
Thu, 20 October 2016
Sometimes, it makes sense for critters across the animal kingdom to chow down on their own young. Thanks to http://www.audible.com/minuteearth for sponsoring this video. Thanks also to our supporters on https://www.patreon.com/MinuteEarth : Credits (and Twitter handles): _________________________________________ Like our videos? Also, say hello on: And find us on itunes: https://goo.gl/sfwS6n FYI: We try to leave jargon out of our videos, but if you want to learn more about this topic, here are some handy keywords to get your googling started: Species featured in this video: References: Special thanks to Professor Hope Klug, from the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, for help with research on this video! Day, C. S., & Galef, B. G. (1977). Pup cannibalism: One aspect of maternal behavior in golden hamsters. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 91(5), 1179-1189. doi:10.1037/h0077386 Gilbert, W. M., Nolan, P. M., Stoehr, A. M., & Hill, G. E. (2005). Filial Cannibalism at a House Finch Nest. The Wilson Bulletin, 117(4), 413-415. doi:10.1676/04-003.1 Huang, W. (2008). Predation risk of whole-clutch filial cannibalism in a tropical skink with maternal care. Behavioral Ecology, 19(6), 1069-1074. Klug, H., & Bonsall, M. (2007). When to Care for, Abandon, or Eat Your Offspring: The Evolution of Parental Care and Filial Cannibalism. The American Naturalist, 170(6), 886-901. doi:10.1086/522936 Klug, H., & Lindstrom, K. (2008). Hurry-up and hatch: Selective filial cannibalism of slower developing eggs. Biology Letters, 4(2), 160-162. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2007.0589 Why do some fish eat their own eggs? - Phys.org. (n.d.). Retrieved October 19, 2016, from http://phys.org/news/2016-02-fish-eggs.html
Direct download: ME_96_-_Why_Do_Animals_Eat_Their_Babies.mp4
Category:general -- posted at: 11:06am EDT |
Thu, 13 October 2016
Research suggests that more diverse ecosystems are better for the bottom line. Thanks to the University of Minnesota for sponsoring this video! http://twin-cities.umn.edu/
Peter's Science paper: http://science.sciencemag.org/content/354/6309/aaf8957 ___________________________________________ Like our videos? Also, say hello on: And find us on itunes: https://goo.gl/sfwS6n We try to leave jargon out of our videos, but if you want to learn more about this topic, here are some handy keywords to get your googling started: Biodiversity - the variety of genes, species, and ecosystems ___________________________________________ References: Bartomeus, I., Park, M.G., Gibbs, J., Danforth, B.N., Lakso, A.N. and Winfree, R., 2013. Biodiversity ensures plant–pollinator phenological synchrony against climate change. Ecology Letters, 16(11), pp.1331-1338. Dee LE, Miller SJ, Peavey LE, Bradley D, Gentry RR, Startz R, Gaines SD, Lester SE. 2016 Functional diversity of catch mitigates negative effects of temperature variability on fisheries yields. Proc. R. Soc. B 83: 20161435. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2016.143 Delgado-Baquerizo, M., L. Giaramida, P. B. Reich, A. N. Khachane, K. Hamonts, C. Edwards, L. Lawton, B. K. Singh. 2016. Lack of functional redundancy in the relationship between microbial diversity and ecosystem functioning. Journal of Ecology doi: 10.1111/1365-2745.12585 "FAO, “Global Forest Resources Assessment 2015 - How are the world’s forests changing? ” (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy, 2015) Isbell, F., Tilman, D., Polasky, S., & Loreau, M. (2015). The biodiversity‐dependent ecosystem service debt. Ecology letters, 18(2), 119-134. Liang J, T Crowther, GFBI, and PB Reich. 2016. Positive biodiversity–productivity relationship predominant in global forests. Science 14 Oct 2016: Vol. 354, Issue 6309, DOI: 10.1126/science.aaf8957. http://science.sciencemag.org/content/354/6309/aaf8957 Liang, J, M Zhou, PC Tobin, AD McGuire, PB Reich. 2015. Biodiversity influences plant productivity through niche–efficiency. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112:5738–5743. McCarthy, Donal P., et al. "Financial costs of meeting global biodiversity conservation targets: current spending and unmet needs." Science 338.6109 (2012): 946-949. Reich PB, D Tilman, F Isbell, K Mueller, S Hobbie, D Flynn, N Eisenhauer. 2012. Impacts of biodiversity loss escalate as redundancy fades. Science 336:589-592. Tilman, D, PB Reich, J Knops, D Wedin, T Mielke, C Lehman. 2001. Diversity and productivity in a long-term grassland experiment. Science 294: 843-845.
Direct download: ME_97_-_Why_Biodiversity_Is_Good_For_The_Economy.mp4
Category:general -- posted at: 2:58pm EDT |
Mon, 10 October 2016
A big thank-you to our supporters on https://www.patreon.com/MinuteEarth : - Jeff Straathof - Today I Found Out - Tony Fadell - Muhammad Shifaz - Mark Roth - Melissa Vigil - Valentin - Alberto Bortoni Credits (and Twitter handles): _________________________________________ Like our videos? Also, say hello on: And find us on itunes: https://goo.gl/sfwS6n If you liked this week’s video, we think you might also like these things: FYI: We try to leave jargon out of our videos, but if you want to learn more about this topic, here are some handy keywords to get your googling started: References: Svartberg, K. (2006). Breed-typical behaviour in dogs—Historical remnants or recent constructs? Applied Animal Behaviour Science 96 (293-313). Retrieved from http://www.appliedanimalbehaviour.com/article/S0168-1591(05)00160-7/abstract Svartberg, K. (2016). Personal Communication. Hare, B. & Woods, V. (2013) The Genius of Dogs: How Dogs Are Smarter Than You Think. Retrieved from https://www.amazon.com/Genius-Dogs-Smarter-Than-Think/dp/0142180467/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1475530594&sr=1-1 Helton, W. (2010). Does perceived trainability of dog (Canis lupus familiaris) breeds reflect differences in learning or differences in physical ability? Behavioural Processes 83 (315-323). Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20117185 Pongracz, P., Miklosi, A., Vida, V., Csanyi, V. (2005) The pet dogs ability for learning from a human demonstrator in a detour task is independent from the breed and age. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 90 (309-323). Retrieved from http://www.appliedanimalbehaviour.com/article/S0168-1591(04)00177-7/abstract
Direct download: ME_95_-_How_Different_Are_Different_Types_of_Dogs.mp4
Category:general -- posted at: 11:45am EDT |
Mon, 19 September 2016
Thanks to http://www.audible.com/minuteearth for sponsoring this video. Got questions!? Discuss this vid with brain experts on Reddit: http://bit.ly/RedditBrains Thanks also to our supporters on https://www.patreon.com/MinuteEarth : Our functional map of the brain has changed. Here's why. Credits (and Twitter handles): _________________________________________ Like our videos? Also, say hello on: And find us on itunes: https://goo.gl/sfwS6n If you liked this week’s video, we think you might also like this: FYI: We try to leave jargon out of our videos, but if you want to learn more about this topic, here are some handy keywords to get your googling started: Brain lesion: Damage to the brain caused by disease or injury. Broca’s area: Region in the frontal lobe associated with speech production. Hippocampus: Seahorse-shaped brain structure associated with memory formation. Amygdala: Small brain structure associated with emotions and memories. fMRI: An imaging procedure that measures brain activity by tracking changes associated with blood flow. References: Rorden, C., Karnath, H. (2004). Using human brain lesions to infer function: a relic from a past era in the fMRI age? Nature Reviews Neuroscience 5 (812-819). Retrieved from http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v5/... Barbey, A., Colom, R., Solomon, J., Kreuger, F., Forbes,C., Grafman, J. (2012). An integrative architecture for general intelligence and executive function revealed by lesion mapping. Brain,135 (1154-1164). Retrieved from http://brain.oxfordjournals.org/conte... Yildirim, F., Sarikcioglu (2007). Marie Jean Pierre Flourens (1794–1867): an extraordinary scientist of his time. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, 78(8) 852. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti... Barbey, A. (2016). Personal Communication. Rorden, C. (2016). Personal Communication.
Direct download: ME_93_-_Which_Parts_Of_The_Brain_Do_What.mp4
Category:general -- posted at: 10:00pm EDT |
Wed, 7 September 2016
This video was supported by the Heising-Simons Foundation. To learn more, visit https://www.heisingsimons.org/ Thanks also to our supporters on https://www.patreon.com/MinuteEarth : Credits (and Twitter handles): _________________________________________ Like our videos? Also, say hello on: And find us on itunes: https://goo.gl/sfwS6n If you liked this week’s video, we think you might also like this: FYI: We try to leave jargon out of our videos, but if you want to learn more about this topic, here are some handy keywords to get your googling started: Abiogenesis – the process of life arising from non-living matter, such as simple organic compounds. Amino Acids – a class of organic compounds. Twenty of the roughly 500 known amino acids appear in the genetic code, and, when strung together into long chains, form the basic building blocks of proteins. Faint Young Sun Paradox – describes the apparent contradiction between evidence for a warm ancient Earth, and stellar models, which predict that the young Sun was 25% dimmer than today's Sun. First described by Carl Sagan and George Mullen in 1972. The Miller–Urey experiment – a landmark experiment in the 1950s in which scientists demonstrated that amino acids could form spontaneously from inorganic gases present in Earth's early atmosphere Snowball Earth – a climatic state of Earth in which the entire surface becomes frozen over. Molecules featured in this video:
References: Airapetian, V. S., Glocer, A., Gronoff, G., Hébrard, E., & Danchi, W. (2016). Prebiotic chemistry and atmospheric warming of early Earth by an active young Sun. Nature Geoscience Nature Geosci, 9(6), 452-455. doi:10.1038/ngeo2719 Earth's changeable atmosphere. (2016). Nature Geoscience Nature Geosci, 9(6), 409-409. doi:10.1038/ngeo2735 Feulner, G. (2012). The faint young Sun problem. Rev. Geophys. Reviews of Geophysics, 50(2). doi:10.1029/2011rg000375 Leconte, J., Forget, F., Charnay, B., Wordsworth, R., & Pottier, A. (2013). Increased insolation threshold for runaway greenhouse processes on Earth-like planets. Nature, 504(7479), 268-271. doi:10.1038/nature12827 Marchi, S., Black, B., Elkins-Tanton, L., & Bottke, W. (2016). Massive impact-induced release of carbon and sulfur gases in the early Earth's atmosphere. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 449, 96-104. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2016.05.032 Sagan, C., & Mullen, G. (1972). Earth and Mars: Evolution of Atmospheres and Surface Temperatures. Science, 177(4043), 52-56. doi:10.1126/science.177.4043.52 Wolf, E. T., & Toon, O. B. (2014). Delayed onset of runaway and moist greenhouse climates for Earth. Geophys. Res. Lett. Geophysical Research Letters, 41(1), 167-172. doi:10.1002/2013gl058376 |
Tue, 23 August 2016
Thanks to The Great Courses Plus for sponsoring this video. You can start your subscription with a free one-month trial today by visiting http://ow.ly/Yq7c302duah Hybrid animals are infertile because of the way their sex cells form. But sometimes, life finds a way. FYI: We try to leave jargon out of our videos, but if you want to learn more about this topic, here are some handy keywords to get your googling started: Species featured in this video: Credits (and Twitter handles): Image Credits: Liger Hercules - Ed Quinn Zonkey - Flickr user Leogirly4life Cama - TaylorLlamas.com Beefalo - Noah's Ark Animal Like our videos? Also, say hello on: And find us on itunes: https://goo.gl/sfwS6n If you liked this week’s video, we think you might also like these things: References: Ryder, O., Chemnick, L., Bowling, A., Benirschke, K. (1985). Male mule foal qualifies as the offspring of a female mule and Jack donkey. Journal of Heredity 76 (379-381). Retrieved from http://jhered.oxfordjournals.org/content/76/5/379 C.J. Zhao, Y.H. Qin, X.H. Lee, Ch. Wu (2006). Molecular and cytogenetic paternity testing of a male offspring of a hinny. Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics,123: 403-405. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17177697 Bucholz (2013). Colorado miracle mule foal lived short life, but was well-loved.The Denver Post. Retrieved from http://www.denverpost.com/2013/08/16/colorado-miracle-mule-foal-lived-short-life-but-was-well-loved/ Millon, L. (2016). Personal Communication. Antczak, D. (2016). Personal Communication. |
Mon, 15 August 2016
Farming erodes soil 50 times faster than it forms. We can change that, but will we? Thanks to http://www.soylent.com/earth for sponsoring this video! Thanks also to our supporters on https://www.patreon.com/MinuteEarth : Credits (and Twitter handles): _________________________________________ Like our videos? Also, say hello on: And find us on itunes: https://goo.gl/sfwS6n If you liked this week’s video, we think you might also like these things: FYI: We try to leave jargon out of our videos, but if you want to learn more about this topic, here are some handy keywords to get your googling started: Agricultural Soil Erosion: the wearing away of a field's topsoil by the natural physical forces of water and wind or through forces associated with farming activities, such as tillage. http://goo.gl/d0Ciwk Conservation tillage/agriculture: a soil cultivation method in which fields are not ploughed & the previous year's crop residues are left on fields before and after planting the next crop, to reduce soil erosion and runoff. http://goo.gl/8aoizx, http://goo.gl/jmj8Ic Soil: the upper layer of earth, in which plants grow; a dark, damp, gas-filled structure of minerals and organic matter formed by degrading rocks and decomposing organisms. http://goo.gl/Q6JOrH References: A Landowner’s Guide to Prairie Conservation Strips. Accessed May 5, 2016. https://goo.gl/fN65MA Antón, S. C., & Steadman, D. W. (2003). Mortuary patterns in burial caves on Mangaia, Cook Islands. International Journal of Osteoarchaeology, 13(3), 132-146. http://goo.gl/SIiMxy FAO and ITPS. (2015). Status of the World’s Soil Resources (SWSR) – Main Report. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and Intergovernmental Technical Panel on Soils, Rome, Italy. http://goo.gl/fxPJi0 Kirch, P. V. (1997). Microcosmic histories: Island perspectives on" global" change. American Anthropologist, 99(1), 30-42. Montgomery, D. R. (2007). Soil erosion and agricultural sustainability. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 104(33), 13268-13272. http://goo.gl/Si9E6g Pimentel, D. (2006). Soil erosion: a food and environmental threat. Environment, development and sustainability, 8(1), 119-137. http://goo.gl/64FSCa Soil Building Systems. Pickup Truck Capacities. Accessed May 5, 2016. http://goo.gl/u7sPfQ Steadman, D. W., Antón, S. C., & Kirch, P. V. (2000). Ana Manuku: a prehistoric ritualistic site on Mangaia, Cook Islands. Antiquity, 74(286), 873-883. http://goo.gl/ZySytn |
Thu, 11 August 2016
How Alan Turing's Reaction-Diffusion Model Simulates Patterns in Nature Asparagus Pee Survey Results: https://goo.gl/8x7abL ___________________________________________ If you liked this video, we think you might also like this: Reaction Diffusion Simulation (Gray-Scott model) ___________________________________________ Credits (and Twitter handles): Also, special thanks to the following scientists: Image Credits: Subscribe to MinuteEarth on YouTube: http://goo.gl/EpIDGd ___________________________________________ Here are some handy keywords to get your googling started: Reaction-diffusion system: A hypothetical system in which multiple chemical substances diffuse through a defined space at different rates and react with one another, thereby generating a pattern. Turing pattern: A periodic pattern that forms in a space where the initial distribution of ‘activator’ and ‘inhibitor’ is the same. Morphogenesis: The processes during development that give rise to the form or shape of the organism or a structure Alan Turing: Alan Turing was a British mathematician and the father of modern computer science. During World War II, he broke Germany’s Enigma code used to encrypt communications. ____________________ References: Economou, A. D., Ohazama, A., Porntaveetus, T., Sharpe, P. T., Kondo, S., Basson, M. A., … Green, J. B. A. (2012). Periodic stripe formation by a Turing-mechanism operating at growth zones in the mammalian palate. Nature Genetics, 44(3), 348–351. http://doi.org/10.1038/ng.1090 Economou, A. D., & Green, J. B. (2014). Modelling from the experimental developmental biologists viewpoint. Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology, 35, 58-65. doi:10.1016/j.semcdb.2014.07.006 Green, J. B., & Sharpe, J. (2015). Positional information and reaction-diffusion: Two big ideas in developmental biology combine.Development, 142(7), 1203-1211. doi:10.1242/dev.114991 Kimura, Y. T. (2016, May 24). The mathematics of patterns. Retrieved from http://www.theshapeofmath.com/princeton/dynsys Kimura, Y. T. (2014). The Mathematics of Patterns: The modeling and analysis of reaction-diffusion equations (Thesis, Princeton University). Http://www.pacm.princeton.edu/documents/Kimura.pdf. Kondo, S., & Asai, R. (1995). A reaction-diffusion wave on the skin of the marine angelfish Pomacanthus. Nature, 376(6543), 765-768. doi:10.1038/376765a0 Kondo, S., & Miura, T. (2010). Reaction-Diffusion Model as a Framework for Understanding Biological Pattern Formation. Science, 329(5999), 1616-1620. doi:10.1126/science.1179047 Marcon, L., & Sharpe, J. (2012). Turing patterns in development: What about the horse part? Current Opinion in Genetics & Development, 22(6), 578-584. doi:10.1016/j.gde.2012.11.013 Raspopovic, J., Marcon, L., Russo, L., & Sharpe, J. (2014). Digit patterning is controlled by a Bmp-Sox9-Wnt Turing network modulated by morphogen gradients. Science, 345(6196), 566-570. doi:10.1126/science.1252960 Stewart, I. (2012). The mathematics of life. Philadelphia, PA: Basic Books. (https://goo.gl/IOagrs) Turing, A. M. (1952). The Chemical Basis of Morphogenesis. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences, 237(641), 37-72. Retrieved from http://www.dna.caltech.edu/courses/cs191/paperscs191/turing.pdf
Direct download: ME_91_-_Can_Math_Explain_How_Animals_Get_Their_Patterns.mp4
Category:general -- posted at: 12:00pm EDT |
Thu, 7 July 2016
Thanks to http://www.audible.com/minuteearth for sponsoring this video. Thanks also to Tom Scott for helping write and narrate this video. Check out his amazing channel: https://www.youtube.com/TomScottGo
Credits (and Twitter handles): Image Credits: Like our videos? Also, say hello on: And find us on itunes: https://goo.gl/sfwS6n References:
Direct download: ME_89_-_Null_Island-_The_Busiest_Place_That_Doesnt_Exist.mp4
Category:general -- posted at: 12:00pm EDT |
Tue, 21 June 2016
Why do some species flourish and others falter? Sometimes it just comes down to luck. A big thank-you to our supporters on https://www.patreon.com/MinuteEarth : - Today I Found Out FYI: We try to leave jargon out of our videos, but if you want to learn more about this topic, here are some handy keywords to get your googling started: - Bering land bridge: an ancient land bridge that connected Asia and North America at various times during the Quaternary glaciation, allowing Homo sapiens and other species migrations. - The Holocene extinction: (also referred to as the Sixth extinction or Anthropocene extinction) is the ongoing extinction event of species during the present Holocene epoch (since around 10,000 BCE) mainly due to human activity. The Holocene extinction includes the disappearance of large land animals known as megafauna, starting between 9,000 and 13,000 years ago, the end of the last Ice Age. - Atlatl (spear-thrower): is a tool that uses leverage to achieve greater velocity in dart-throwing. - Bile bears: sometimes called battery bears, are bears kept in captivity to harvest their bile, a digestive fluid produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder, which is used by some traditional Chinese medicine practitioners, though there is no evidence that bear bile has any medicinal effect, and no plausible mechanism by which it might work. Species featured in this video: ___________________________________________ Credits (and Twitter handles): Image Credits: Mustela nigripes - USFWS Mountain Prairie Mustela eversmanii - Andrei Kotkin (used with permission) Ursus americanus - Ryan E. Poplin Ursus thibetanus - Guérin Nicolas Like our videos? Also, say hello on: And find us on itunes: https://goo.gl/sfwS6n ___________________________________________ References: Schieck, B., McCown, W. (2014). Geographic distribution of American black bears in North America. Ursus, 25-1(24-33). Retrieved from http://www.bearbiology.com/fileadmin/tpl/Downloads/URSUS/Vol_25_1_/Scheick_and_McCown_2014_Ursus.pdf Pappas, S. (2014).Humans Blamed for Extinction of Mammoths, Mastodons & Giant Sloths. LiveScience. Retrieved from: http://www.livescience.com/46081-humans-megafauna-extinction.html Feng, Y., Siu, K., Wang, N., Ng, K., Tsao, S., Nagamatsu, T., Tong, Y. (2009). Bear bile: dilemma of traditional medicinal use and animal protection. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine, 5:2. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2630947/ Biggins, D., Hanebury, L., Miller, B., Powell, R. (2011). Black-footed ferrets and Siberian polecats as ecological surrogates and ecological equivalents. Journal of Mammalogy, 92(4): 710-720. Retrieved from https://www.fort.usgs.gov/sites/default/files/products/publications/22786a/22786a.pdf |
Mon, 13 June 2016
Thanks to http://www.audible.com/minuteearth for sponsoring this video. Thanks also to our supporters on https://www.patreon.com/MinuteEarth : Credits (and Twitter handles): _________________________________________ Like our videos? Also, say hello on: And find us on itunes: https://goo.gl/sfwS6n If you liked this week’s video, we think you might also like these things: FYI: We try to leave jargon out of our videos, but if you want to learn more about this topic, here are some handy keywords to get your googling started: Image Credits: Chocolate brownie - Wikimedia User m Soup Cream - pixabay user wowwandee (Public Domain) Bed pan - Wikimedia user Michaelwalk (Public Domain) Glass of Juice - Stiftelsen Elektronikkbransjen Cockroach - Gary Alpert
References: Rozin, P., Haddad, B., Nemeroff, C., Solvic, P. (2015). Psychological aspects of the rejection of recycled water: Contamination, purification and disgust. Judgement and Decision Making, 10-1(50-63). Retrieved from http://journal.sjdm.org/14/14117a/jdm14117a.pdf Schwartz, J. (2015). Water Flowing From Toilet to Tap May Be Hard to Swallow. New York Times, D1. Retrieved from: http://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/12/science/recycled-drinking-water-getting-past-the-yuck-factor.html?_r=0 Haddad, B. (2012). The Psychology of Water Reclamation and Reuse: Survey Findings and Research Roadmap. U.S. Case Studies, D22-D23. Retrieved from http://www.reclaimedwater.net/data/files/153.pdf Nemeroff, C. (2016). Personal Communication. Gallagher, D.. (2016). Personal Communication.
Direct download: ME_88_-_Would_You_Drink_Water_Made_From_Sewage-.mp4
Category:general -- posted at: 12:00pm EDT |
Mon, 23 May 2016
Have ever wondered how digital illustrations are made? This video explains the basics. Help us keep making videos by supporting us in https://www.patreon.com/MinuteEarth |
Mon, 16 May 2016
Thanks to Curtin University and the University of Western Australia for sponsoring this video. Also, special thanks to Kingsley Dixon and the Orchid Specialist Group of the IUCN’s Species Survival Commission.
Direct download: ME_87_-_Orchids-_The_Masters_Of_Lying_Cheating__Stealing.mp4
Category:general -- posted at: 12:00pm EDT |
Wed, 11 May 2016
An outline of how we make our videos.
Direct download: How_We_Make_MinuteEarth_Videos_Behind_the_Scenes.mp4
Category:general -- posted at: 12:00pm EDT |
Fri, 6 May 2016
Thanks to http://www.audible.com/minuteearth for sponsoring this video.
Direct download: ME_85_-_Why_We_Sucked_At_Counting_Fish_Until_Now.mp4
Category:general -- posted at: 12:00pm EDT |
Wed, 20 April 2016
Thanks to http://www.audible.com/minuteearth for sponsoring this video. The title of this video changes every 10 seconds to reflect an estimate of the actual energy used just by people (like you!) watching it. Thanks to Jasper Palfree for doing the computer magic that makes that possible! Thanks also to our supporters on https://www.patreon.com/MinuteEarth : Credits (and Twitter handles): _________________________________________ Like our videos? Also, say hello on: And find us on itunes: https://goo.gl/sfwS6n FYI: We try to leave jargon out of our videos, but if you want to learn more about this topic, here are some handy keywords to get your googling started: References: Assessing Internet energy intensity: A review of methods and results: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0195925513001121 The Energy Intensity of the Internet: Home and Access Networks: http://publicationslist.org/data/lorenz.hilty/ref-229/2014_Coroama_Schien_Preist_Hilty_Energy_Intensity_Internet_Home_Access.pdf The Energy Intensity of the Internet: Edge and Core Networks: http://publicationslist.org/data/lorenz.hilty/ref-229/2014_Coroama_Schien_Preist_Hilty_Energy_Intensity_Internet_Home_Access.pdf Emerging Trends in Electricity Consumption for Consumer ICT: Average energy use of American home: https://www.eia.gov/tools/faqs/faq.cfm?id=97&t=3 Typical wattages of everyday electronics: https://www.gozolt.com/blog/power-devices-consume/ Energy in AA Batteries: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AA_battery tablet energy use: Hidden energy costs online: http://tinyurl.com/zh93kwq Average computer energy use: Estimate to transfer 1Mb of data (average efficiency): http://tinyurl.com/jb2od4k Energy efficiency of internet: http://tinyurl.com/jq5hndm Broadband usage guide: http://tinyurl.com/gmezjkg
Direct download: ME_84_-_Energy_Cost_Of_A_YouTube_Video.mp4
Category:general -- posted at: 12:00pm EDT |
Thu, 14 April 2016
Get a 2-meal discount from Blue Apron here: http://cook.ba/1W7fRdC If you liked this week’s video, we think you might also like this blog post about asparagus pee: http://bit.ly/1TOEBHZ FYI: We try to leave jargon out of our videos, but if you want to learn more about this topic, here are some handy keywords to get your googling started: People featured in this video: Thanks to our supporters on https://www.patreon.com/MinuteEarth : Credits (and Twitter handles): Image Credits: Purple, white and green asparagus - iStock.com/PicturePartners Viceroy Butterfly - Wikimedia user PiccoloNamek Eggs and Asparagus - Michelle Hooton (used with permission) _________________________________________ Like our videos? Also, say hello on: And find us on itunes: https://goo.gl/sfwS6n ___________________________________________ References: Eriksson, N., Macpherson, J. M., Tung, J. Y., Hon, L. S., Naughton, B., Saxonov, S., . . . Mountain, J. (2010). Web-Based, Participant-Driven Studies Yield Novel Genetic Associations for Common Traits. PLoS Genetics PLoS Genet, 6(6). Retrieved from http://journals.plos.org/plosgenetics/article?id=10.1371/journal.pgen.1000993 Mitchell, S. C. (2001). Food Idiosyncrasies: Beetroot and Asparagus. Drug Metabolism & Disposition, 29(4), 539-543. Retrieved from http://dmd.aspetjournals.org/content/29/4/539.full#ref-62 Mitchell, S. C., & Waring, R. H. (2014). Asparagusic acid. Phytochemistry, 97, 5-10. Retrieved from http://www.silae.it/files/Asparagusic acid.pdf Pelchat, M. L., Bykowski, C., Duke, F. F., & Reed, D. R. (2010). Excretion and Perception of a Characteristic Odor in Urine after Asparagus Ingestion: A Psychophysical and Genetic Study. Chemical Senses, 36(1), 9-17. Retrieved from http://chemse.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2010/09/27/chemse.bjq081.full.pdf Waring, R. H., Mitchell, S. C., & Fenwick, G. R. (1987). The chemical nature of the urinary odour produced by man after asparagus ingestion. Xenobiotica, 17(11), 1363-1371. Retrieved from http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.3109/00498258709047166
Direct download: ME_83_-_The_Mystery_Of_Asparagus_Pee.mp4
Category:general -- posted at: 12:00pm EDT |
Fri, 8 April 2016
A big thank-you to our supporters on Patreon https://www.patreon.com/MinuteEarth : Credits (and Twitter handles): Like our videos? Also, say hello on: And find us on itunes: https://goo.gl/sfwS6n If you liked this week’s video, we think you might also like these things: Rohrlich, J. (2015). Should Society Start Contacting the Amazon's Uncontacted Tribes?. VICE News. https://goo.gl/b3hfmR Kluger, J. (2015). Is It Ethical to Leave Uncontacted Tribes Alone? Time Magazine. http://time.com/3909470/tribes-uncont... Survival International Q+A about “Uncontacted Tribes”: http://goo.gl/x9D9PB Glob, A. 2008. Are there ‘uncontacted tribes’? The short answer: No. Savage Minds Blog. http://goo.gl/ihWUyw FYI: We try to leave jargon out of our videos, but if you want to learn more about this topic, here are some handy keywords to get your googling started: References: Feather, C. (2015). Isolated tribes: Contact misguided. Science (New York, NY), 349(6250), 798-798. http://goo.gl/BPL2RX Lawler, A. (2015). Making contact. Science, 348(6239), 1072-1079. http://science.sciencemag.org/content... Pringle, H. (2015). In peril. Science, 348(6239), 1080-1085. http://science.sciencemag.org/content... Walker, R. S., & Hill, K. R. (2015). Protecting isolated tribes. Science,348(6239), 1061-1061. http://science.sciencemag.org/content... Walker, R. S., & Hill, K. R. (2016). Personal communication. News Article about the Science magazine feature: http://goo.gl/rpIFyZ
Fraser, B. (2014). Controversial Peru gas project expansion gets go-ahead. Thomson Reuters Foundation. http://goo.gl/J4d6zt Fraser, B. (2015). Isolated tribespeople receiving care after violent contact in Brazil. Science Magazine News. http://goo.gl/K6A01W Hill, D. (2014). Gas firm to move deeper into reserve for indigenous people in Peru. The Guardian. http://goo.gl/6JJDZ4 Nuwer, R. (2014). Anthropology: The sad truth about uncontacted tribes. BBC Future. http://goo.gl/nEkGLC Pringle, H. (2014). Uncontacted tribe in Brazil emerges from isolation. Science, 345(6193), 125-126. http://science.sciencemag.org/content... Pringle. H. (2014). Video of tribe's first contact shows both tension and friendly overtures. Science Magazine News. http://goo.gl/lH8WhA Tharoor, I. (2015). Do the world’s ‘uncontacted’ tribes deserve to be left alone? Washington Post. https://goo.gl/6Qeiyb
Direct download: ME_82_-_Should_We_Contact_Uncontacted_Peoples.mp4
Category:general -- posted at: 12:00pm EDT |
Mon, 28 March 2016
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Fri, 11 March 2016
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Thu, 3 March 2016
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Thu, 3 March 2016
Download a free audiobook when you sign up for a 30-day trial at http://www.audible.com/minuteearth Ending the battle between vegans, vegetarians, and everyone else | Brian Kateman TEDx: https://goo.gl/WzRRSY Why Are Vegetarians Annoying? | Hank Green: https://goo.gl/xRCI4n Externality: a cost or benefit caused by an activity that affects other parties but is not taken into consideration (e.g. by being reflected in purchase prices) Hidden cost: a cost not included in the purchase price, such as additional expenses, opportunity costs, or externalities Social Cost: an expense to society that is the sum of the private costs paid by a firm or individual, and the externalities paid by other parties Reducetarianism: the practice of eating less meat (& dairy, eggs, & other animal products), which may be appealing because not everyone is able or willing to follow a completely meat-free diet. Also, say hello on: And find us on itunes: https://goo.gl/sfwS6n
Direct download: ME_79_-_How_Much_Does_Meat_Actually_Cost.mp4
Category:general -- posted at: 12:00pm EDT |
Wed, 24 February 2016
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Thu, 18 February 2016
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Wed, 10 February 2016
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Wed, 10 February 2016
Today's oceans are full of fish with fins that couldn't evolve into limbs like ours. So, who are our ancestors and where did they go? If you're a fan of MinuteEarth but don't yet support us on Patreon, please check out our Patreon page: https://www.patreon.com/minuteearth A BIG thank you to our Patreon supporters, especially to: Want to learn more about the topic in this week’s video? Here are some keywords/phrases to get your googling started: _________________________________________ Credits (and Twitter handles): _________________________________________ Like our videos? Already subbed? Also, say hello on: And find us on itunes: http://podcast.minuteearth.com/ References: Clack, Jennifer. (2016). Personal Communication. Merck, John. GEOL 431 Vertebrate Paleobiology Lecture Notes, University of Maryland. Retrieved from https://www.geol.umd.edu/~jmerck/geol... McGhee, G. R. (2013). When the invasion of land failed: The legacy of the Devonian extinctions. Columbia University Press. Sallan, L. C., & Coates, M. I. (2010). End-Devonian extinction and a bottleneck in the early evolution of modern jawed vertebrates. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 107(22), 10131-10135. Retrieved from http://www.pnas.org/content/107/22/10...
Direct download: ME_78_-_Which_Fish_Did_We_Evolve_From.mp4
Category:general -- posted at: 12:00pm EDT |
Thu, 21 January 2016
Thanks to Audible for supporting this video. Get your free 30-day trial at https://www.audible.com/minuteearth Thanks also to our Patreon patrons: Want to learn more about the topic in this week’s video? Here are some keywords/phrases to get your googling started: Credits: Like our videos? Already subscribed? Also, say hello on: And find us on itunes: https://goo.gl/sfwS6n References: Alroy, J. (2015). Personal Communication. Alroy, J. (2008). Dynamics of origination and extinction in the marine fossil record. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 11536-11542. Retrieved April 8, 2015, from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/artic... Alroy, J. (n.d.). Accurate and precise estimates of origination and extinction rates. Paleobiology, 40(3), 374-397. Retrieved September 20, 2015, from https://www.nceas.ucsb.edu/~alroy/pdf... Benton, M. (2003). When life nearly died: The greatest mass extinction of all time. New York: Thames & Hudson. Barrett, Paul M. (2015). Personal Communication. Fossilworks: Gateway to the Paleobiology Database. Lloyd, GT, Smith, AB and Young, JR, (2011). Quantifying the deep-sea rock and fossil record bias using coccolithophores. Geological Society Special Publication, 358 (1), 167-177. Mcghee, G., Clapham, M., Sheehan, P., Bottjer, D., & Droser, M. (2013). A new ecological-severity ranking of major Phanerozoic biodiversity crises. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 370, 260-270. Raup, D. (1979). Biases in the fossil record of species and genera. Bulletin of the Carnegie Museum of Natural History 13: 85–91. Raup, D., & Sepkoski, J. (1982). Mass Extinctions in the Marine Fossil Record. Science, 215(4539), 1501-1503. Vermeij, GJ. (2015). Personal Communication.
Direct download: ME_62_-_How_Many_Mass_Extinctions_Have_There_Been.mp4
Category:general -- posted at: 12:00pm EDT |
Tue, 19 January 2016
NBC & YouTube actually asked us to make TWO videos for the Democratic Presidential Debate on January 17th, 2016. Here’s the video that DIDN’T get shown at the debate. Our video that was shown: https://youtu.be/vbE5PSu-p0s Like our videos? Subscribe to MinuteEarth on YouTube: http://goo.gl/EpIDGd Thanks to our amazing Patreon patrons for making this kind of special video possible! Want to learn more about the topic in this week’s video? Here are some keywords to get your googling started: ___________________________________________ Credits: For exclusive early access to all our videos, sign up with Vessel: https://goo.gl/hgD1iJ Already subscribed? Also, say hello on: And find us on itunes: https://goo.gl/sfwS6n References: IPCC First Assessment Report. http://www.ipcc.ch/ipccreports/1992%2... GD Banks. SUCCESS OF U.S. CLIMATE PLEDGE DEPENDS ON FUTURE GHG REGULATION OF U.S. INDUSTRY, OTHER SECTORS. ACCF CENTER FOR POLICY RESEARCH SPECIAL REPORT, NOVEMBER 2015 U.S. INDC (Voluntary Commitment for Paris Agreement) Paris Agreement U.S. Greenhouse Gas Inventory Report: 1990-2013. EPA.
Direct download: ME_77_-_DemDebate_Secret_Video-_What_The_U.S._Promised_In_Paris.mp4
Category:general -- posted at: 12:00pm EDT |
Sun, 17 January 2016
YouTube and NBC invited us to make a video for the final Democratic Candidate’s Debate before the US Presidential primaries. Here’s our video (about climate change & energy), Lester Holt’s question, & the candidates’ responses. Like our video? Subscribe to MinuteEarth on YouTube: http://goo.gl/EpIDGd Thanks to our Patreon patrons for making this kind of video possible! - Vidhya Krishnaraj ___________________________________________ Want to learn more about this video’s topic? Here are some keywords to get your googling started: climate change, global warming, alternative energy, renewable energy, fossil fuels ___________________________________________ Credits: For exclusive early access to all our videos, sign up with Vessel: https://goo.gl/hgD1iJ Already subscribed? Also, say hello on: _________________________________________ References: http://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/in... http://www.eia.gov/tools/faqs/faq.cfm...
Direct download: ME_76_-_Americas_Energy_Future-_MinuteEarth_At_The_DemDebate.mp4
Category:general -- posted at: 12:00pm EDT |